ENR 1.1 General rules
1. General
1.1 The air traffic rules and procedures applicable within the airspace of Mongolia shall conform to Annex 2 and Annex 11 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation and to those portions of the Procedures for Air Navigation Services - Rules of the Air and Air Traffic Services, applicable to aircraft.
1.2 All flights within the airspace of Mongolia shall be conducted in accordance with the Civil Aviation Law of Mongolia and Civil Aviation Rules of Mongolia.
2. Right-of-way rules
2.1 Right-of-way
2.1.1 The pilot shall, when weather conditions permit, regardless of whether the flight is performed under IFR or under VFR, maintain a visual lookout so as to avoid movements of other aircraft.
2.1.2 The pilot shall not be relieved from the responsibility of conducting collision-avoidance maneuvers based on resolution advisories provided by airborne collision avoidance system (ACAS) equipment.
2.1.3 The pilot shall avoid passing over, under, or in front of the other aircraft, unless passing well clear of the aircraft, taking into account the effect of wake turbulence.
2.2 Approaching Head-On
2.2.1 The pilot shall, when approaching another aircraft head-on, or nearly so, alter heading to the right.
2.3 Aircraft Converging
2.3.1 The pilot of an aircraft that is converging at approximately the same altitude with another aircraft that is to its right, shall give way. Except that the pilot operating:
a) a power-driven heavier-than-air aircraft shall give way to airships, gliders, and balloons;
b) an airship shall give way to gliders and balloons;
c) a glider shall give way to balloons;
d) a power-driven aircraft shall give way to aircraft that are towing gliders;
e) all aircraft shall give way to parachutes.
2.4 Overtaking Aircraft
2.4.1 The pilot of an aircraft that is overtaking another aircraft shall, if a turn is necessary to avoid that aircraft, alter heading to the right, until it is entirely past and clear of the other aircraft.
Remark: An overtaking aircraft is an aircraft that approaches another from the rear on a line forming less than 70 degrees with the plane of symmetry of the latter.
2.5 Landing
2.5.1 The pilot of an aircraft in flight or on the surface shall give any way to any aircraft that is on final approach to land or is landing.
2.5.2 The pilot shall, when the aircraft is one of two or more heavier-than-air aircraft approaching an aerodrome for the purpose of landing, give way to the aircraft at the lower altitude.
2.5.3 The pilot shall not take advantage of right-of-way specified under paragraph 2.5.2 to pass in front of another aircraft, which is landing, or to overtake that aircraft.
2.6 Take-Off
2.6.1 The pilot shall not take-off if there is an apparent risk of collision with another aircraft.
2.7 Taxiing
2.7.1 The pilot of an aircraft taxiing on the maneuvering area of an aerodrome shall:
a) give way to aircraft landing, taking off, or about to take-off;
b) when two aircraft are approaching head on, or nearly so, stop or, where practicable, alter course to the right so as to keep well clear of the other aircraft;
c) when two aircraft are on a converging course, give way to the other aircraft on the pilot’s right;
2.8 The pilots of all aircraft shall give way to any aircraft that is in distress.
3. Aircraft lights
3.1 The pilot shall not operate an aircraft at night unless it has lighted position lights.
3.2 The pilot shall not operate an aircraft at night that is required by GEN 1.5 to be equipped with an anticollision light system unless the system is operating.
3.3 No person shall park or move an aircraft at night on a maneuvering area of an aerodrome, unless the aircraft:
a) is clearly illuminated;
b) has lighted position lights;
c) is in an area that is marked by obstruction lights.
4. Command signals from ATC
4.1 The pilot shall comply with the clearance or instruction specified for ATC light signals in the following table:
Light signal | Aircraft in flight | Aircraft on ground |
|---|
Steady green | Cleared to land | Cleared to take-off |
Steady red | Give way to the other aircraft and continue circling | Stop |
Flashing green | Return for landing (clearance to land is given during flight) | Cleared to taxi |
Flashing red | Aerodrome is unsafe. Do not land. | Taxi clear of landing area in use |
Flashing white | Land at this aerodrome and proceed to apron (clearance to taxi is given during flight) | Taxi back to the starting point on aerodrome |
Flashing red and green lights in sequence | Danger, be on the alert | Danger, be on the alert |
5. Minimum safe height and altitude
5.1 Minimum height for VFR flights
5.1.1 Except when necessary for take-off or landing, a VFR flight shall not be flown:
a) at a height less than that required to execute an emergency landing, without hazard to persons or property on the surface, in the event of engine failure;
b) over any congested area of a city, town, or settlement, or over any open air assembly of persons, at a height of less than 300 М above the highest obstacle within a horizontal radius from the aircraft of 600 М;
c) over any other area, at a height of less than 150 М above the surface.
5.1.2 Paragraph 5.1.1 shall not apply to a pilot-in-command of an aircraft:
a) conducting a take-off, or landing;
b) conducting a hover in ground effect in a helicopter;
c) conducting a missed approach or discontinued approach.
5.1.3 Paragraph 5.1.1 c) shall not apply to a pilot-in-command of an aircraft required to be flown at a lower height and:
a) the flight is performed without hazard to persons or property on the surface;
b) only persons performing an essential function associated with the flight are carried;
c) the aircraft remains outside a horizontal radius of 150 M of any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure that is associated with the operation.
5.1.4 Paragraph 5.1.1 c) shall not apply to a pilot-in-command:
5.1.4.1 Who is the holder of a current instructor rating and who is conducting flight training or practice flights consisting of:
a) simulated engine failure after take-off commencing below 300 M above the surface;
b) simulated engine failure commencing above 300 M above the surface providing that descent below 150 M above the surface is conducted within a low flying area;
c) conducting a missed approach or discontinued approach.
5.1.4.2 Who is the holder of a current instrument rating and who is conducting IFR training, testing, or practice flights under VFR, providing the pilot-in-command conducts the flight in accordance with paragraph 5.2 of ENR 1.3.3 and IFR flight altitudes specified in ENR 1.7.
5.1.4.3 Operating an aircraft within a low flying area;
5.1.4.4 Operating an aircraft at an aviation event.
5.2 Minimum altitude for IFR flights
5.2.1 Except when necessary for take-off or landing, an IFR flight shall be flown at a level that is not below the minimum flight altitude.
5.2.2 When this minimum flight altitude has not been established, an IFR flight shall be flown at a level that is not below:
a) in the case of operations over a mountainous area above 2000 M AMSL or over, 600 M above the highest obstacle within 20 KM of two different directions from the track intended to be flown;
b) in any other case, 300 M above the highest obstacle within 10 km of two different directions from the track intended to be flown;
c) in case of aircraft equipped with GPS, 600 M above the highest obstacle within 11 KM of two different directions from the track intended to be flown.
6. Aircraft speed limitation
6.1 Except as specified in paragraph 6.2, the pilot shall not operate an aircraft at an indicated speed of more than 460 KMH (250 knot) at or below an altitude of 3000 M (10000 ft) above MSL when:
a) that aircraft is operated IFR in class D, E or G airspace;
b) that aircraft is operated VFR in class C, D, E or G airspace.
6.2 Paragraph 6.1 of ENR 1.1 shall not apply in the following cases:
a) The minimum safe speed of the aircraft prescribed in the flight manual is more than 460 KMH (250 knot) and the aircraft is operated at that minimum safe speed;
b) The aircraft is being operated at an aviation event in accordance with Paragraph 91.703 of CAR 91.
7. ATC operational management
7.1 All aircraft flying within the airspace of Mongolia are required to operate along the approved airways.
7.2 Aircraft operating within the airspace of Mongolia must maintain two way communication with the appropriate ATS unit.
8. Position reporting
8.1 When an aircraft flies into the Ulaanbaatar FIR of Mongolia, it shall fly on the specified airways. Before entry of FIR, the aircrew of the aircraft shall report to appropriate air traffic control centre of Mongolia, and obtain a clearance to fly across the FIR boundaries in entry. Without such clearance, no aircraft is permitted to make entry into the FIR boundaries.
8.2 To ensure the safe and orderly integration of traffic, all aircraft entering Ulaanbaatar FIR on an ATS route shall initiate contact 5 minutes before entry.
9. Dropping and spraying of objects from aircraft
9.1 It is prohibited to drop any object from aircraft in flight unless reasonable precautions have been taken to ensure dropping and spraying of the object does not endanger persons or property.
10. Times and units of measurement
10.1 For times and units of measurement, see GEN 2.1.1 and GEN 2.1.2.
11. Airspace structure
11.1 For the provision of flight information service and alerting service, the Civil Aviation Authority of Mongolia has established Ulaanbaatar Flight Information Region, which is published in the section ENR 2.
12. Separation
12.1 Procedures and separation minima contained in Chapter 5 of ICAO Doc 4444 ATM/501 and Mongolian Civil Aviation Rule-172.75 and CAR-172.77 shall apply to aircraft in the en-route phase as well as aircraft in the arrival and departure phases of flight.
12.2 Procedures and separation minima contained in Chapter 6 and Chapter 7 of ICAO Doc 4444 ATM/501 and Mongolian Civil Aviation Rule-172.75 and CAR-172.77 shall apply in approaches to parallel runways and provision of aerodrome control service.
13. Operating in prohibited, restricted and danger area
13.1 A pilot must not operate an aircraft within a established restricted area unless the pilot has the approval of the administering authority responsible for the restricted area.
13.2 A pilot must not operate an aircraft within established danger area unless the pilot has determined that the operation in the danger area will not affect the safety of the aircraft.
13.3 There is Prohibited airspace over the Ulaanbaatar metropolitan area, however ATC clearances will ensure aircraft remain clear of that area.
14. Operating in military operational area
14.1 No pilot shall operate an aircraft within an established military operational area unless the pilot has approval of the controlling authority responsible for military operational area.
14.2 A pilot shall not operate an aircraft within military operational area unless that pilot has given notification of the details of the flight to the controlling authority.
15. Aircraft operating in the state border zone
15.1 It is prohibited to operate a flight without permission in the airspace (state border zone) within 30km from the state border.
15.2 A civil aircraft shall obtain permission from the General Staff of the Mongolian armed forces, General authority for border protection and Civil aviation authority of Mongolia in order to enter the state border zone.