2.1.1 Ulaanbaatar FIR’s 6 sectors: Central, Muren, Gobi, Dornod, Altai and Bayan are provided with radar and procedural air traffic control services.

1. radar control service is provided for Central, Muren, Bayan, Dornod and Gobi sectors;

2. whereas, procedural control service is provided for Altai sector, as well as in non radar areas.

2.1.2 The operation of SSR transponder on Mode A and Mode C is compulsory for all aircraft flying within the Central, Muren, Bayan, Dornod and Gobi sectors of Ulaanbaatar FIR and Ulaanbaatar TMA.

2.1.3 Munkh-Ulziit radar coverage of Ulaanbaatar TMA is included in figure 1.

2.2.1 A pilot-in-command of an aircraft operating in transponder mandatory airspace that is within controlled airspace must, unless otherwise authorised or instructed by ATC:

1. operate the transponder:

   - in Mode A and Mode C; or

   - in Mode S.

2. except where paragraph c) applies or when operating Mode S equipment, set the transponder:

   - to the code assigned by ATC for the flight; or

   - if not assigned a code by ATC, in accordance with Table 1.

3. in the event of an in-flight emergency, set the transponder to the appropriate code in accordance with Table 2.

2.2.2 A pilot-in-command of an aircraft intending to operate the aircraft without an operable transponder, in transponder mandatory airspace that is within controlled airspace, must obtain specific authorisation from the ATC.

2.2.3 A pilot-in-command of an aircraft operating in transponder mandatory airspace must immediately advise the ATC unit having jurisdiction over the relevant airspace of any failure or partial failure of the transponder equipment.

2.2.4 Only one of the aircraft in a formation flight is required to operate a transponder in accordance with paragraph 2.2.1.

2.3.1 Vectoring shall be given for the following purposes:

1. Separation of one aircraft from another and from special use airspace;

2. Efficient and orderly air traffic flow management for departing flights and easier climb to flight level;

3. Efficient and orderly flow management for approach sequencing;

4. Assisting the flight crew in case of avoiding or going around an area of hazardous weather;

5. Determining the nature of failure in case of a radio communication failure.

2.3.2 When vectoring an aircraft, ATC will comply with the following conditions:

1. when an aircraft is given a vector, the pilot should be informed what the vector is to accomplish and, when possible, the limit of the vector should be specified;

2. controlled flights should not be vectored into uncontrolled airspace or procedural air traffic control sectors or areas with limited radar coverage except:

   - in the case of emergency;

   - to circumnavigate adverse meteorological conditions;

   - at the specific request of the pilot.

2.3.3 Minimum Vectoring Altitude (MVA) in Ulaanbaatar approach Terminal Control Area (TMA) shall be:

Minimum Sector Altitude (MSA) within lower area (between altitude 2100m - 3150m) and;

Area Minimum Altitude (AMA) within middle area (between altitude 3150m - 4050m) and higher area (between altitude 4050m - 6150m).

2.4.1 An aircraft provided with radar service should be informed of its position in the following circumstances:

1. 2 way radio communication is established on the appropriate sector frequency and the aircraft is fully identified on the situation data display (SDD);

2. when pilot requests this position information;

3. when a pilot’s estimate differs from the radar controller’s estimate based on situation data display (SDD);

4. when the air traffic controller instructs the aircraft to resume own navigation, giving the pilot the aircraft’s position and appropriate instructions, if the current instructions had diverted the aircraft from a previously assigned route;

5. immediately before termination of radar service, if the aircraft is observed to deviate from its intended route.

2.4.2 Position information shall be passed to aircraft in one of the following forms:

1. magnetic track and distance from a known point or navigation aid;

2. distance and direction from the centre line of an ATS route.

2.5.1 The following minimum longitudinal separation, based on distance, between aircraft flying at same flight level in controlled airspace with ATS surveillance system are established as follows:

1. Central, Muren, Bayan, Dornod, and Gobi sectors

   - same track, same level: 30km;

   - crossing track, same level: 40km.

2. Ulaanbaatar TMA

   - same track, same level: 20km;

   - crossing track, same level: 30km.

2.6.1 In the event of radar failure, the following will be undertaken:

1. 10 minute longitudinal separation or procedural separation shall be provided between the aircraft;

2. procedural air traffic control service shall be provided.

2.7.1 Codes 4200-4277 will be used for En-route flights.

2.7.2 Codes 0300-0377, 0400-0477 and 4400-4477 will be used for the flights conducted within the Ulaanbaatar FIR among which 0300-0377 are for domestic and 0400-0477 are for international departures.

3.1.1 Currently, there are ADS-B ground station facilities installed at 12 locations which cover most of the airspace of Mongolia.

3.2.1 ADS-B will be used to provide ATS surveillance separation in the airspace of Mongolia and therefore, the carriage of ADS-B equipment for flight is mandatory.

3.3.1 The implementation of ADS-B in Mongolia will be applied in Class A airspace within ADS-B coverage between flight levels 8840m to 14600m.

3.3.2 ADS-B is used in ATS surveillance separation in the following ATC sectors:

1. Sector Central;

2. Sector Muren;

3. Sector Bayan;

4. Sector Gobi;

5. Sector Dornod.

3.4.1 All aircrafts flying within the airspace of Mongolia above flight level 8840m must carry serviceable ADS-B transmitting equipment (Mode S Transponder and GNSS source position) that meet the performance standards described in paragraph 3.4.2 below.

3.4.2 Aircraft not complying with paragraph 3.4.3 will not be accorded priority to operate in the designated airspace in paragraph 3.3.1 and flight level assignments would be subjected to air traffic conditions.

3.4.3 Within ATC sectors described in paragraph 3.3.2, ADS-B transmitting equipment must be of an approved type meeting the specifications contained in ICAO Annex 10, Volume IV or that has been certified as meeting any of the following standards;

3.4.4 If an aircraft carries ADS-B transmitting equipage which does not comply with the requirements of paragraph 3.4.3, the aircraft ADS-B equipage shall:

3.5.1 Aircraft operators complying with the requirements stipulated in paragraph 3.4.3 are to indicate the appropriate ADS-B designator in Item 10 of the ICAO flight plan:

3.5.2 Aircraft Identification (ACID) not exceeding 7 characters must be accurately indicated in Item 7 of the ICAO flight plan and replicated exactly when set in the aircraft avionics (for transmission as Flight ID) as follows either:

3.7.1 ATC shall terminate the Surveillance separation and immediately provide procedural separation for aircraft, if Radar and ADS-B contact is lost.

3.7.2 In the case where Radar failure has occurred and ATS surveillance separation is provided via ADS-B, an aircraft that does not meet the requirements mentioned in paragraph 3.4.3 shall not operate in the airspace specified in paragraph 3.3.1.

3.7.3 The pilot-in-command, upon awareness of an onboard ADS-B equipment failure, must inform ATC as soon as possible.